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Objective@#To construct a model of professional competency standard for school health education teachers in China, then to provide a framework for the professional development of health education teachers at primary and secondary schools.@*Methods@#Seventy-five indicators of professional competency of school health education teacher were identified through job task analysis, qualitative interview, expert consultation. A total of 282 school health administrators/researchers, school principals, health education teachers in Shanghai, and the first undergraduate students of health education progame in China were surveyed. Items analysis verified appropriateness, and exploratory factor analysis determined construct validity of the competency standards.@*Results@#The framework of competency standards consists of four major areas (general literacy, school health services, school health education, school health management), nine categories, and 70 competence standards. Nine categories include professional ethics, general literacy as teacher, assist to deal with emergency/accident health events and common diseases situation in school, assist vaccination and mental health assessment, monitoring/communication the health situation of students, knowledge of health education and teaching skills, implement health education activities effectively and continuously, deal with infectious diseases and environment/ water/food safety in school, monitor conditions of the school health and optimize health strategy continuously. Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient of total competence standards was 0.98, and those of the sub-dimensions ranged from 0.86 to 0.96 ; the split-half reliability of total system was 0.93 with sub-dimensions coefficient ranging from 0.83 to 0.95.@*Conclusion@#The model of competency standard developed in this study show good validity and reliability, which can provide theoretical framework for the training, using and evaluation of school health education teachers with the characteristics of combinating medicine and teaching.
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OBJECTIVE:To systematically evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of TCM external treatment for alopecia areata,and to investigate the regularity of prescription selection and medicine use. METHODS:Retrieved from PubMed,EMBase, Cochrane Library,CBM and CNKI,RCTs about TCM external treatment(trial group)vs. routine regimen(control group)in the treatment of alopecia areata were included. The qualities of included studies were evaluated with modified Jadad scale after literature screening and data extraction. Meta-analysis was conducted by using Rev Man 5.3 statistical software. Frequency statistics and ingredient analysis were conduced among included prescriptions. RESULTS:A total of 21 RCTs were included,involving 2 510 patients. Meta-analysis showed that total response rate of trial group was significantly higher than that of control group,with statistical significance [OR=4.14,95%CI(3.04,5.65),P<0.001]. There was no statistical difference in the incidence of ADR between 2 groups [OR=1.66,95%CI(3.04,5.65),P=0.48]. A total of 20 prescriptions among included 21 RCTs were included after the repeated prescriptions were deleted. Above prescriptions were analyzed statistically;there were 53 ingredients in 20 prescriptions,and the sum of use frequency for those ingredients was 138.The ingredients with high use frequency were Carthamus tinctorius,Platycladus orientalis,Salvia miltiorrhiza;main types of medicines were restoring vital energy,relieving exterior disorder,invigorating blood circulation and eliminating stasis,etc. CONCLUSIONS:TCM external treatment shows good therapeutic efficacy and safety. Medicines are mainly used for restoring vital energy,invigorating blood circulation and eliminating stasis.
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OBJECTIVE:To observe therapeutic efficacy and safety of modified Longdan xiegan tang in the treatment of psoria-sis vulgaris(blood heat type). METHODS:A total of 80 patients with psoriasis vulgaris(blood heat type)were randomly divided into control group(38 cases)and observation group(42 cases),other 30 healthy volunteers were included in healthy control group. Control group was given Xiaoyin tablet 1.6 g orally,3 times a day for 4 weeks. Observation group was given modified Longdan xiegan tang,400 mL after detected with water,1 h after breakfast and supper,7 d as a treatment course,for 4 courses. Clinical ef-ficacies and PASI score were observed before and after treatment. The levels of inflammatory factors(IL-1,IL-6,IL-8,TNF-α), the expression of NF-κB protein and NF-κB gene were observed in observation group before and after treatment,and then were compared with healthy control group. The relationship of inflammatory factor levels with NF-κB protein expression in observation group before treatment,the relationship of PASI score with inflammatory factor and NF-κB expression were observed in observa-tion group before and after treatment,and the occurrence of ADR was recorded. RESULTS:Total response rate of observation group(85.7%)was significantly higher than that of control group(52.6%),with statistical significance(P<0.05). Before treat-ment,there was no statistical significance in PASI score between 2 groups (P>0.05). After treatment,PASI score of 2 groups were significantly lower than before treatment,and the observation group was significantly lower than the control group,with statis-tical significance (P<0.05). After treatment,The levels of IL-1,IL-6,IL-8 and TNF-α in observation group were significantly lower than before treatment,but there was no statistical significance with healthy control group(P>0.05);the expression of NF-κB protein and NF-κB gene in observation group were significantly higher than healthy control group,with statistical significance(P<0.01 or P<0.05). The levels of IL-1, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α were positively associated with the expression of NF-κB protein in observation group before treatment. The levels of IL-1,IL-6,IL-8 and TNF-α and the expression of NF-κB pro-tein were both positively associated with PASI score in observa-tion group before and after treatment. CONCLUSIONS:Modified Longdan xiegan tang show significant therapeutic efficacy for psoriasis vulgaris(blood heat type),can reduce PASI score,the levels of NF-κB protein expression and inflammatory factors.
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Objective Through the analysis of the pathogens distribution of out-patient department and emergency department patients with diarrhea from Shenzhen Hospital of Peking University in 2013~2014,so as to provide reference for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of diarrhea disease.While understanding the improved Salmonella detection results.Methods Var-ied pathogenic bacteria were isolated and identified from 1 719 diarhea stool samples of native Shenzhen Hospital of Peking University from 2013 to 2014 through enrich culture,separate culture,biochemistry,serology etc.Pathogenic virus were test-ed for 451 watery stool specimens by fluorescence PCR.Analyzed statistical differences between the direct inoculation and selenite cystine broth enrichment for Salmonella.Results Picked out 143 disease germs from 1 719 examples diarrhea pa-tient’s stool samples,among which there were 25 strains of ETEC,12 strains of EPEC,8 strains of EAEC,1 strains of EIEC,19 strains ofVibrio parahemolyticus,76 strains Salmonella,2 strains Shigella and 0 strain ofVibrio cholera.There were 10 samples with two disease germs timely.Picked out 189 disease viruses from 451 examples diarrhea patient’s stool without disease germs,among which there were 79 Rotaviruspositive,91 Norwalkvirus positive,9 Adenoviruspositive,10 Astrovirus positive.There were 4 samples with Rotavirus and Norwalkvirus timely.After Salmonella ways to improve the positive rate of 0.6% (17/2 627)increased to 4.4% (76/1 719),χ2=67.2,P<0.01,the difference was statistically signifi-cant.Conclusion The detectable rate of Salmonella and Norwalk virus was the majority,and the clinic enhance the test of the diarrhea pathogenic microorganism,including the improvement of detection method,to reduce the missing rate of them,to provide the scientific basis for the diagnostical therapectic measures.
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Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of combined copeptin, cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and high sen?sitive cardiac troponin T (hs-TnT) in determination of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods A total of 152 patients with AMI were selected as AMI group and 143 healthy examinees during the same period were selected as control group. (1) The levels of copeptin, cTnI and hs-TnT were detected at 0, 4, 6 and 12 h in two groups. (2) The combined detection of cop/cTnI and cop/hs-TnT were studied. The positive rates of these items were evaluated at different time points of AMI. ( 3) The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of different cardiac biomarkers for AMI were compared. Results (1) There were significant differences in copeptin at 0, 4, 6 and 12 h between two groups (P<0.05). There were no significant differ?ences in cTnI and hs-TnT between two groups. (2) cop/cTnI and cop/hs-TnT combined detection showed better positive rates than those of copeptin, cTnI or hs-TnT detection alone. (3) In addition, the combined detection of cop/cTnI and cop/cTnI improved significantly the diagnostic sensitivity of AMI. Compared to cop/cTnI combination, cop/hs-TnT combination detec?tion showed better diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for AMI. Conclusion The combined detection of cop/cTnI and cop/hs-TnT are very helpful for early diagnosis of AMI, which shows a very good diagnostic value in clinical application.
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Objective To compare the accuracy of CT with other methods to measure the length of thoracic esophageal carcinoma. Methods 598 patients with thoracic esophageal squamous carcinoma were enrolled in this study.All the patients received three-field(cervical,thoracic:and abdominal)radical surgery without pre-operative radiotherapy or chemotherapy.The length of each Iesion was recorded and compared by measuring intraoperative specimen,formalin-fixed specimen,X-ray barium meal examination and CT,respectivelv. Results By the measurement of intraoperative specimen,formalin-fixed specimen,Xray barium meal examination and CT,the mean lengths of lesion were(5.22±1.94),(4.28±1.71),(5.12±1.92)and(6.71±2.52) cm,respectively.The measured length was significantly different between intraoperative specimen and formalin-fixed specimen or CT(t=16.01,P＜0.01;t=-15.54,P＜0.01),but not between intraoperative specimen and X-ray barium meal examination(t=1.62,P＞0.05).The measured lengths gradually decreased in the order of CT,intraoperative specimen,X-ray bailam meal examination and formalin-fixed specimen.For different pathological type(except intracavitary type)and different T staging,there was significant difference in lesion length between intraoperative specimen and CT(P＜0.05),but not between intraoperative specimen and X-ray barium meal examination(P＞0.05). Conclusions The length of esophageal carcinoma measured by intraoperative specimen is shorter than by CT,but longer than by X-ray barium meal examination.Specimen could shrink after foriBalin fixation.X-ray barium meal and other examinations should be referred when using CT to delineate tumor target volume of esophageal carcinoma for radiotherapy.